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A joint distribution function is a distribution function D(x,y) in two variables defined by D(x,y) = P(X<=x,Y<=y) (1) D_x(x) = lim_(y->infty)D(x,y) (2) D_y(y) = ...

A formula for the generalized Catalan number _pd_(qi). The general formula is (n-q; k-1)=sum_(i=1)^k_pd_(qi)(n-pi; k-i), where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, although ...

Given a matrix A, a Jordan basis satisfies Ab_(i,1)=lambda_ib_(i,1) and Ab_(i,j)=lambda_ib_(i,j)+b_(i,j-1), and provides the means by which any complex matrix A can be ...

Let V!=(0) be a finite dimensional vector space over the complex numbers, and let A be a linear operator on V. Then V can be expressed as a direct sum of cyclic subspaces.

The identity (xy)x^2=x(yx^2) satisfied by elements x and y in a Jordan algebra.

For 0<=x<=pi/2, 2/pix<=sinx<=x.

A primitive subgroup of the symmetric group S_n is equal to either the alternating group A_n or S_n whenever it contains at least one permutation which is a q-cycle for some ...

The throwing and catching of multiple objects such that at least one is always in the air. Some aspects of juggling turn out to be quite mathematical. The best examples are ...

A point of discontinuity, also called a leap.

An optical illusion, illustrated above, in which the eye perceives a white upright equilateral triangle where none is actually drawn.