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Three elements x, y and z of a set S are said to be associative under a binary operation * if they satisfy x*(y*z)=(x*y)*z. (1) Real numbers are associative under addition ...

A sequence {x_n} is called an infinitive sequence if, for every i, x_n=i for infinitely many n. Write a(i,j) for the jth index n for which x_n=i. Then as i and j range ...

For an algebra A, the associator is the trilinear map A×A×A->A given by (x,y,z)=(xy)z-x(yz). The associator is identically zero iff A is associative.

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...

An asymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is not symmetric, i.e., a matrix A such that A^(T)!=A, where A^(T) denotes the transpose. An asymmetric matrix therefore ...

Asymptotic behavior. A useful yet endangered word, found rarely outside the captivity of the Oxford English Dictionary (Simpson and Weiner 1992, p. 82).

A theorem from information theory that is a simple consequence of the weak law of large numbers. It states that if a set of values X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is drawn independently ...

A type of sale in which members of a group of buyers offer ever increasing amounts. The bidder making the last bid (for which no higher bid is subsequently made within a ...

A pair of numbers m and n such that sigma(m)=sigma(n)=m+n-1, where sigma(m) is the divisor function. Beck and Najar (1977) found 11 augmented amicable pairs.

"Aut" is the term applied in propositional calculus to the XOR connective. "Aut" is Latin form for "either/or (but not both)," e.g., "Aut Caesar aut nihil" (Cesare Borgia; ...