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The envelope of a one-parameter family of curves given implicitly by U(x,y,c)=0, (1) or in parametric form by (f(t,c),g(t,c)), is a curve that touches every member of the ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...

Euclidean n-space, sometimes called Cartesian space or simply n-space, is the space of all n-tuples of real numbers, (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n). Such n-tuples are sometimes called ...

The four parameters e_0, e_1, e_2, and e_3 describing a finite rotation about an arbitrary axis. The Euler parameters are defined by e_0 = cos(phi/2) (1) e = [e_1; e_2; e_3] ...

The Euler triangle formula states that the distance d between the incenter and circumcenter of a triangle is given by d^2=R(R-2r), where R is the circumradius and r is the ...

An exterior angle beta of a polygon is the angle formed externally between two adjacent sides. It is therefore equal to 2pi-alpha, where alpha is the corresponding internal ...

The term folium means "leaf" in Latin and refers and refers to a plane curve having "leaf-shaped" rounded lobes. There are a number of different sorts of folia, including ...

The frame bundle on a Riemannian manifold M is a principal bundle. Over every point p in M, the Riemannian metric determines the set of orthonormal frames, i.e., the possible ...

When referring to a planar object, "free" means that the object is regarded as capable of being picked up out of the plane and flipped over. As a result, mirror images are ...

Gabriel's horn, also called Torricelli's trumpet, is the surface of revolution of the function y=1/x about the x-axis for x>=1. It is therefore given by parametric equations ...