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A curve which is invariant under inversion. Examples include the cardioid, cartesian ovals, Cassini ovals, Limaçon, strophoid, and Maclaurin trisectrix.

The angle of attack alpha of a surface is measured as the angle between the direction of fluid flow relative to the surface, and the line in the direction of normal fluid ...

The angle of incidence of a ray to a surface is measured as the difference in angle between the ray and the normal vector of the surface at the point of intersection.

Two points are antipodal (i.e., each is the antipode of the other) if they are diametrically opposite. Examples include endpoints of a line segment, or poles of a sphere. ...

The greatest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=pi in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the apoapsis distance r_+=a(1+e). ...

A homographic transformation x_1 = (ax+by+c)/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (1) y_1 = (a^'x+b^'y+c^')/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (2) with t_1 substituted for t according to ...

A unit of angular measure equal to 60 arc seconds, or 1/60 of a degree. The arc minute is denoted ^' (not to be confused with the symbol for feet).

A map F from R^n to R^n is area-preserving if m(F^(-1)(A))=m(A) for every subregion A of R^n, where m(A) is the n-dimensional measure of A. A linear transformation is ...

The process used to generate an expression for a covariant in the first degree of any one of the equivalent sets of coefficients for a curve.

An asymptote is a line or curve that approaches a given curve arbitrarily closely, as illustrated in the above diagram. The plot above shows 1/x, which has a vertical ...