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The distance d(u,v) between two vertices u and v of a finite graph is the minimum length of the paths connecting them (i.e., the length of a graph geodesic). If no such path ...

There exists no known P algorithm for graph isomorphism testing, although the problem has also not been shown to be NP-complete. In fact, the problem of identifying ...

The graph product denoted G-H and defined by the adjacency relations (gadjg^') or (g=g^' and hadjh^'). The graph lexicographic product is also known as the graph composition ...

Suppose that G is a pseudograph, E is the edge set of G, and C is the family of edge sets of graph cycles of G. Then C obeys the axioms for the circuits of a matroid, and ...

The polyhedron compound of the great icosahedron (U_(53)) and the small stellated dodecahedron (U_(34)), sometimes known as the great cid. Four faces meet at each edge of the ...

Let S be a nonempty set of real numbers that has a lower bound. A number c is the called the greatest lower bound (or the infimum, denoted infS) for S iff it satisfies the ...

A grid usually refers to two or more infinite sets of evenly-spaced parallel lines at particular angles to each other in a plane, or the intersections of such lines. The two ...

Given two groups G and H, there are several ways to form a new group. The simplest is the direct product, denoted G×H. As a set, the group direct product is the Cartesian ...

The group direct sum of a sequence {G_n}_(n=0)^infty of groups G_n is the set of all sequences {g_n}_(n=0)^infty, where each g_n is an element of G_n, and g_n is equal to the ...

The upper central series of a group G is the sequence of groups (each term normal in the term following it) 1=Z_0<=Z_1<=Z_2<=...<=Z_n<=... that is constructed in the ...