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The sample variance m_2 (commonly written s^2 or sometimes s_N^2) is the second sample central moment and is defined by m_2=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N(x_i-m)^2, (1) where m=x^_ the ...

The Thomson problem is to determine the stable equilibrium positions of n classical electrons constrained to move on the surface of a sphere and repelling each other by an ...

Let V be a real symmetric matrix of large order N having random elements v_(ij) that for i<=j are independently distributed with equal densities, equal second moments m^2, ...

A random number is a number chosen as if by chance from some specified distribution such that selection of a large set of these numbers reproduces the underlying ...

The nth order Bernstein expansion of a function f(x) in terms of a variable x is given by B_n(f,x)=sum_(j=0)^n(n; j)x^j(1-x)^(n-j)f(j/n), (1) (Gzyl and Palacios 1997, Mathé ...

If a minimal surface is given by the equation z=f(x,y) and f has continuous first and second partial derivatives for all real x and y, then f is a plane.

If F is the Borel sigma-algebra on some topological space, then a measure m:F->R is said to be a Borel measure (or Borel probability measure). For a Borel measure, all ...

Every continuous map f:S^n->R^n must identify a pair of antipodal points.

A function f is Carathéodory differentiable at a if there exists a function phi which is continuous at a such that f(x)-f(a)=phi(x)(x-a). Every function which is Carathéodory ...

Let X and Y be CW-complexes and let X_n (respectively Y_n) denote the n-skeleton of X (respectively Y). Then a continuous map f:X->Y is said to be cellular if it takes ...