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Hyperbolas sharing common foci (left figure). The family of confocal hyperbolas covers the plane simply, in the sense that there is a unique hyperbola passing through each ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

Conformal latitude is defined by chi = 2tan^(-1){tan(1/4pi+1/2phi)[(1-esinphi)/(1+esinphi)]^(e/2)}-1/2pi (1) = ...

A conical wedge is an ungula obtained by cutting a solid cone with a plane placed at an angle oblique to its base. For the special conical wedge obtained from a cone of ...

Geometric objects lying in a common plane are said to be coplanar. Three noncollinear points determine a plane and so are trivially coplanar. Four points are coplanar iff the ...

Critical damping is a special case of damped simple harmonic motion x^..+betax^.+omega_0^2x=0, (1) in which D=beta^2-4omega_0^2=0, (2) where beta is the damping constant. ...

The n-cycle complement graph C^__n is the graph complement of the cycle graph C_n. Cycle complement graphs are special cases of circulant graphs. The first few are ...

Let A_1, A_2, A_3, and A_4 be four points on a circle, and H_1, H_2, H_3, H_4 the orthocenters of triangles DeltaA_2A_3A_4, etc. If, from the eight points, four with ...

A sophisticated checksum (often abbreviated CRC), which is based on the algebra of polynomials over the integers (mod 2). It is substantially more reliable in detecting ...

The equation x^p=1, where solutions zeta_k=e^(2piik/p) are the roots of unity sometimes called de Moivre numbers. Gauss showed that the cyclotomic equation can be reduced to ...