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The sample variance m_2 (commonly written s^2 or sometimes s_N^2) is the second sample central moment and is defined by m_2=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N(x_i-m)^2, (1) where m=x^_ the ...

The Smale horseshoe map consists of a sequence of operations on the unit square. First, stretch in the y direction by more than a factor of two, then compress in the x ...

Let two spheres of radii R and r be located along the x-axis centered at (0,0,0) and (d,0,0), respectively. Not surprisingly, the analysis is very similar to the case of the ...

The spherical Bessel function of the first kind, denoted j_nu(z), is defined by j_nu(z)=sqrt(pi/(2z))J_(nu+1/2)(z), (1) where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind ...

A transition function describes the difference in the way an object is described in two separate, overlapping coordinate charts, where the description of the same set may ...

The pure equation x^p=C of prime degree p is irreducible over a field when C is a number of the field but not the pth power of an element of the field. Jeffreys and Jeffreys ...

A CW-complex is a homotopy-theoretic generalization of the notion of a simplicial complex. A CW-complex is any space X which can be built by starting off with a discrete ...

The characteristic equation is the equation which is solved to find a matrix's eigenvalues, also called the characteristic polynomial. For a general k×k matrix A, the ...

A triangle ABC formed by three circular arcs. By extending the arcs into complete circles, the points of intersection A^', B^', and C^' are obtained. This gives the three ...

Let {a_n} be a nonnegative sequence and f(x) a nonnegative integrable function. Define A_n=sum_(k=1)^na_k (1) and F(x)=int_0^xf(t)dt (2) and take p>1. For sums, ...