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The spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) are the angular portion of the solution to Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates where azimuthal symmetry is not present. Some ...

A polynomial given by Phi_n(x)=product_(k=1)^n^'(x-zeta_k), (1) where zeta_k are the roots of unity in C given by zeta_k=e^(2piik/n) (2) and k runs over integers relatively ...

Replacing the logistic equation (dx)/(dt)=rx(1-x) (1) with the quadratic recurrence equation x_(n+1)=rx_n(1-x_n), (2) where r (sometimes also denoted mu) is a positive ...

A double sum is a series having terms depending on two indices, sum_(i,j)b_(ij). (1) A finite double series can be written as a product of series ...

The graph distance matrix, sometimes also called the all-pairs shortest path matrix, is the square matrix (d_(ij)) consisting of all graph distances from vertex v_i to vertex ...

The regular heptagon is the seven-sided regular polygon illustrated above, which has Schläfli symbol {7}. According to Bankoff and Garfunkel (1973), "since the earliest days ...

The apodization function A(x)=(1-(x^2)/(a^2))^2. Its full width at half maximum is sqrt(4-2sqrt(2))a. Its instrument function is ...

The apodization function A(x)=cos((pix)/(2a)). Its full width at half maximum is 4a/3. Its instrument function is I(k)=(4acos(2piak))/(pi(1-16a^2k^2)), which has a maximum of ...

An algorithm which isolates roots in the complex plane by generalizing one-dimensional bracketing.

An algorithm for finding roots for quartic equations with complex roots.