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A hash function H projects a value from a set with many (or even an infinite number of) members to a value from a set with a fixed number of (fewer) members. Hash functions ...

Given a finitely generated Z-graded module M over a graded ring R (finitely generated over R_0, which is an Artinian local ring), the Hilbert function of M is the map ...

Let two points x and y be picked randomly from a unit n-dimensional hypercube. The expected distance between the points Delta(n), i.e., the mean line segment length, is then ...

The curve produced by fixed point P on the circumference of a small circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a large circle of radius a>b. A hypocycloid is therefore a ...

An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to solved for f(x). If the limits of the integral are fixed, an integral equation is called a Fredholm ...

Two graphs which contain the same number of graph vertices connected in the same way are said to be isomorphic. Formally, two graphs G and H with graph vertices ...

Let S(x) denote the number of positive integers not exceeding x which can be expressed as a sum of two squares (i.e., those n<=x such that the sum of squares function ...

The least common multiple of two numbers a and b, variously denoted LCM(a,b) (this work; Zwillinger 1996, p. 91; Råde and Westergren 2004, p. 54), lcm(a,b) (Gellert et al. ...

The term limit comes about relative to a number of topics from several different branches of mathematics. A sequence x_1,x_2,... of elements in a topological space X is said ...

Linear algebra is the study of linear sets of equations and their transformation properties. Linear algebra allows the analysis of rotations in space, least squares fitting, ...