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The ant colony algorithm is an algorithm for finding optimal paths that is based on the behavior of ants searching for food. At first, the ants wander randomly. When an ant ...

Because even high-resolution computer monitors have a relatively small number of pixels, when graphics or text display distinguish between individual pixels. The result is ...

A factorization of the form 2^(4n+2)+1=(2^(2n+1)-2^(n+1)+1)(2^(2n+1)+2^(n+1)+1). (1) The factorization for n=14 was discovered by Aurifeuille, and the general form was ...

The circumcircle of an ellipse, i.e., the circle whose center concurs with that of the ellipse and whose radius is equal to the ellipse's semimajor axis.

A class of curve defined at integer values which hops from one value to another. Their name derives from the Greek word betaalphataurhoalphachiiotaomicronnu batrachion, which ...

A benzenoid is a fusene that is a subgraph of the regular hexagonal lattice (i.e., a simply connected polyhex). The numbers of n-hexagon benzenoids for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 1, ...

B^^ = T^^xN^^ (1) = (r^'xr^(''))/(|r^'xr^('')|), (2) where the unit tangent vector T and unit "principal" normal vector N are defined by T^^ = (r^'(s))/(|r^'(s)|) (3) N^^ = ...

The bootstrap method is a computer-based method for assigning measures of accuracy to sample estimates (Efron and Tibshirani 1994). This technique allows estimation of the ...

The Cramér conjecture is the unproven conjecture that lim sup_(n->infty)(p_(n+1)-p_n)/((lnp_n)^2)=1, where p_n is the nth prime.

A figure resembling a daisy or sunflower in which copies of a geometric figure of increasing size are placed at regular intervals along a spiral. The resulting figure appears ...