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Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

The number (10^(666))!, where 666 is the beast number and n! denotes a factorial. The number has approximately 6.656×10^(668) decimal digits. The number of trailing zeros in ...

The sequence generated by the Levine-O'Sullivan greedy algorithm: 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, ... (OEIS A014011). The reciprocal ...

A fractal curve, also called the C-curve (Gosper 1972). The base curve and motif are illustrated below. Duvall and Keesling (1999) proved that the Hausdorff dimension of the ...

Levy (1963) noted that 13 = 3+(2×5) (1) 19 = 5+(2×7), (2) and from this observation, conjectured that all odd numbers >=7 are the sum of a prime plus twice a prime. This ...

An ordering for the Cartesian product × of any two sets A and B with order relations <A and <B, respectively, such that if (a_1,b_1) and (a_2,b_2) both belong to A×B, then ...

There are several conflicting meanings associated with the notation lgx. In German and Russian literature, the notation lgx is used to mean the common logarithm log_(10)x. ...

A Lie group is a group with the structure of a manifold. Therefore, discrete groups do not count. However, the most useful Lie groups are defined as subgroups of some matrix ...

The commutator series of a Lie algebra g, sometimes called the derived series, is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g^(k+1)=[g^k,g^k], (1) with g^0=g. The ...

The lower central series of a Lie algebra g is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g_(k+1)=[g,g_k], (1) with g_0=g. The sequence of subspaces is always ...