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A variate is a generalization of the concept of a random variable that is defined without reference to a particular type of probabilistic experiment. It is defined as the set ...

Let [arg(f(z))] denote the change in the complex argument of a function f(z) around a contour gamma. Also let N denote the number of roots of f(z) in gamma and P denote the ...

For a second-order ordinary differential equation, y^('')+p(x)y^'+q(x)y=g(x). (1) Assume that linearly independent solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x) are known to the homogeneous ...

A variety is a class of algebras that is closed under homomorphisms, subalgebras, and direct products. Examples include the variety of groups, the variety of rings, the ...

Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. The so-called parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of two or more ...

A vector Laplacian can be defined for a vector A by del ^2A=del (del ·A)-del x(del xA), (1) where the notation ✡ is sometimes used to distinguish the vector Laplacian from ...

Although the multiplication of one vector by another is not uniquely defined (cf. scalar multiplication, which is multiplication of a vector by a scalar), several types of ...

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...

There are a number of algebraic identities involving sets of four vectors. An identity known as Lagrange's identity is given by (AxB)·(CxD)=(A·C)(B·D)-(A·D)(B·C) (1) ...

An ascending chain of subspaces of a vector space. If V is an n-dimensional vector space, a flag of V is a filtration V_0 subset V_1 subset ... subset V_r, (1) where all ...