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Finch (2001, 2003) defines a k-rough (or k-jagged) number to be positive integer all of whose prime factors are greater than or equal to k. Greene and Knuth define "unusual ...

A piecewise polynomial function that can have a locally very simple form, yet at the same time be globally flexible and smooth. Splines are very useful for modeling arbitrary ...

A state diagram is a labeled directed graph together with state information that can be used to indicate that certain paths on in a system may be traversed only in a certain ...

A zonotope is a set of points in d-dimensional space constructed from vectors v_i by taking the sum of a_iv_i, where each a_i is a scalar between 0 and 1. Different choices ...

A random number is a number chosen as if by chance from some specified distribution such that selection of a large set of these numbers reproduces the underlying ...

A tree is a mathematical structure that can be viewed as either a graph or as a data structure. The two views are equivalent, since a tree data structure contains not only a ...

Ahmed's integral is the definite integral int_0^1(tan^(-1)(sqrt(x^2+2)))/(sqrt(x^2+2)(x^2+1))dx=5/(96)pi^2 (OEIS A096615; Ahmed 2002; Borwein et al. 2004, pp. 17-20). This is ...

Define the Airy zeta function for n=2, 3, ... by Z(n)=sum_(r)1/(r^n), (1) where the sum is over the real (negative) zeros r of the Airy function Ai(z). This has the ...

For some constant alpha_0, alpha(f,z)<alpha_0 implies that z is an approximate zero of f, where alpha(f,z)=(|f(z)|)/(|f^'(z)|)sup_(k>1)|(f^((k))(z))/(k!f^'(z))|^(1/(k-1)). ...

The region lying between two concentric circles. The area of the annulus formed by two circles of radii a and b (with a>b) is A_(annulus)=pi(a^2-b^2). The annulus is ...