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For every positive integer n, there is a unique finite sequence of distinct nonconsecutive (not necessarily positive) integers k_1, ..., k_m such that ...

A polynomial discriminant is the product of the squares of the differences of the polynomial roots r_i. The discriminant of a polynomial is defined only up to constant ...

There are a number of functions in various branches of mathematics known as Riemann functions. Examples include the Riemann P-series, Riemann-Siegel functions, Riemann theta ...

The Riemann theta function is a complex function of g complex variables that occurs in the construction of quasi-periodic solutions of various equations in mathematical ...

Finch (2001, 2003) defines a k-rough (or k-jagged) number to be positive integer all of whose prime factors are greater than or equal to k. Greene and Knuth define "unusual ...

A piecewise polynomial function that can have a locally very simple form, yet at the same time be globally flexible and smooth. Splines are very useful for modeling arbitrary ...

A state diagram is a labeled directed graph together with state information that can be used to indicate that certain paths on in a system may be traversed only in a certain ...

A zonotope is a set of points in d-dimensional space constructed from vectors v_i by taking the sum of a_iv_i, where each a_i is a scalar between 0 and 1. Different choices ...

A random number is a number chosen as if by chance from some specified distribution such that selection of a large set of these numbers reproduces the underlying ...

A tree is a mathematical structure that can be viewed as either a graph or as a data structure. The two views are equivalent, since a tree data structure contains not only a ...