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pi may be computed using a number of iterative algorithms. The best known such algorithms are the Archimedes algorithm, which was derived by Pfaff in 1800, and the ...

A prime factorization algorithm in which a sequence of trial divisors is chosen using a quadratic sieve. By using quadratic residues of N, the quadratic residues of the ...

A search algorithm of a tree that explores the first child of a node before visiting its siblings. Tarjan (1972) and Hopcroft and Tarjan (1973) showed that depth-first search ...

The complexity of a process or algorithm is a measure of how difficult it is to perform. The study of the complexity of algorithms is known as complexity theory. In general, ...

A prime factorization algorithm which uses residues produced in the continued fraction of sqrt(mN) for some suitably chosen m to obtain a square number. The algorithm solves ...

An algorithm used to recursively construct a set of objects from the smallest possible constituent parts. Given a set of k integers (a_1, a_2, ..., a_k) with a_1<a_2<...<a_k, ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

There exists no known P algorithm for graph isomorphism testing, although the problem has also not been shown to be NP-complete. In fact, the problem of identifying ...

Informally, a function f:{0,1}^(l(n))×{0,1}^n->{0,1}^(m(n)) is a trapdoor one-way function if 1. It is a one-way function, and 2. For fixed public key y in {0,1}^(l(n)), ...

The blossom algorithm (Edmonds 1965) finds a maximum independent edge set in a (possibly weighted) graph. While a maximum independent edge set can be found fairly easily for ...