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A biquadratic number is a fourth power, n^4. The first few biquadratic numbers are 1, 16, 81, 256, 625, ... (OEIS A000583). The minimum number of biquadratic numbers needed ...

Let a_n and b_n be the perimeters of the circumscribed and inscribed n-gon and a_(2n) and b_(2n) the perimeters of the circumscribed and inscribed 2n-gon. Then a_(2n) = ...

The number of binary bits necessary to represent a number, given explicitly by BL(n) = 1+|_lgn_| (1) = [lg(n+1)], (2) where [x] is the ceiling function, |_x_| is the floor ...

Any computable function can be incorporated into a program using while-loops (i.e., "while something is true, do something else"). For-loops (which have a fixed iteration ...

An iterated map is a map that is applied repeatedly to an object. The Wolfram Language function NestList[f, expr, n] gives a list of the results of iterating the function f n ...

A formal structure for the organization of information. Examples of data structures include the list, queue, stack, and tree.

Any method which solves a problem by generating suitable random numbers and observing that fraction of the numbers obeying some property or properties. The method is useful ...

A problem is assigned to the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) class if it is solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic Turing machine. A P-problem (whose ...

The McCarthy-91 function is the recursive function defined for positive integer n by M(n)={M(M(n+11)) for n<=100; n-10 for n>100. (1) It takes the value 91 for all n=1, 2, ...

A recursive function devised by I. Takeuchi in 1978 (Knuth 1998). For integers x, y, and z, it is defined by (1) This can be described more simply by t(x,y,z)={y if x<=y; {z ...