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The property of certain algorithms that accurate answers are returned for well-conditioned problems, and the inaccuracy of the answers returned for ill-conditioned problems ...

For discrete problems in which no efficient solution method is known, it might be necessary to test each possibility sequentially in order to determine if it is the solution. ...

The repeated application of a transformation.

A function f:{0,1}^(l(n))×{0,1}^n->{0,1}^(m(n)) is a trapdoor one-way hash function if f is a trapdoor one-way function and is also a one-way hash function, i.e., if, ...

Take any positive integer of two digits or more, reverse the digits, and add to the original number. This is the operation of the reverse-then-add sequence. Now repeat the ...

The BBP (named after Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe) is a formula for calculating pi discovered by Simon Plouffe in 1995, ...

Baillie and Wagstaff (1980) and Pomerance et al. (1980, Pomerance 1984) proposed a test (or rather a related set of tests) based on a combination of strong pseudoprimes and ...

The bead-sorting algorithm orders a list of a positive integers increasingly by representing numbers as a list of a 1s, where each 1 stands for a bead. The k initial integers ...

The important binomial theorem states that sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)r^k=(1+r)^n. (1) Consider sums of powers of binomial coefficients a_n^((r)) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)^r (2) = ...

Brent's method is a root-finding algorithm which combines root bracketing, bisection, and inverse quadratic interpolation. It is sometimes known as the van ...