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An n×n complex matrix A is called indefinite if nonzero vectors x and y exist such that x^*Ax>0>y^*Ay, where x^* denotes the conjugate transpose. A matrix m may be tested to ...

Given a matrix A, a Jordan basis satisfies Ab_(i,1)=lambda_ib_(i,1) and Ab_(i,j)=lambda_ib_(i,j)+b_(i,j-1), and provides the means by which any complex matrix A can be ...

A reducible fraction is a fraction p/q such that GCD(p,q)>1, i.e., p/q can be written in reduced form. A fraction that is not reducible is said to be irreducible. For ...

A function possessing a single period in the complex plane is said to be singly periodic, of often simply periodic. Singly periodic functions include the trigonometric ...

A polynomial p(x)=sumc_ix^i is said to split over a field K if p(x)=aproduct_(i)(x-alpha_i) where a and alpha_i are in K. Then the polynomial is said to split into linear ...

A square with side lengths 1. The unit square usually means the one with coordinates (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) in the real plane, or 0, 1, 1+i, and i in the complex ...

If K is a simplicial complex, let V be the vertex set of K. Furthermore, let K be the collection of all subsets {a_0,...,a_n} of V such that the vertices a_0, ..., a_n span a ...

The system of partial differential equations (partial_t+partial_z^3+partial_(z^_)^3)v+partial_z(uv)+partial_(z^_)(vw) (1) partial_(z^_)u=3partial_zv (2) ...

If a subgroup H of G has a group representation phi:H×W->W, then there is a unique induced representation of G on a vector space V. The original space W is contained in V, ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...