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A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

Let the characteristic polynomial of an n×n complex matrix A be written in the form P(lambda) = |lambdaI-A| (1) = ...

The canonical bundle is a holomorphic line bundle on a complex manifold which is determined by its complex structure. On a coordinate chart (z_1,...z_n), it is spanned by the ...

Let A=a_(ij) be an n×n matrix with complex (or real) entries and eigenvalues lambda_1, lambda_2, ..., lambda_n, then sum_(i=1)^n|lambda_i|^2<=sum_(i,j=1)^n|a_(ij)|^2 (1) ...

The reciprocal of a real or complex number z!=0 is its multiplicative inverse 1/z=z^(-1), i.e., z to the power -1. The reciprocal of zero is undefined. A plot of the ...

In its simplest form, the principle of permanence states that, given any analytic function f(z) defined on an open (and connected) set U of the complex numbers C, and a ...

Every smooth manifold M has a tangent bundle TM, which consists of the tangent space TM_p at all points p in M. Since a tangent space TM_p is the set of all tangent vectors ...

Given a group G, the algebra CG is a vector space CG={suma_ig_i|a_i in C,g_i in G} of finite sums of elements of G, with multiplication defined by g·h=gh, the group ...

There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

The Fox H-function is a very general function defined by where 0<=m<=q, 0<=n<=p, alpha_j,beta_j>0, and a_j,b_j are complex numbers such that no pole of Gamma(b_j-beta_js) for ...