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A multiple root is a root with multiplicity n>=2, also called a multiple point or repeated root. For example, in the equation (x-1)^2=0, 1 is multiple (double) root. If a ...

An algebra which does not satisfy a(bc)=(ab)c is called a nonassociative algebra.

A power series containing fractional exponents (Davenport et al. 1993, p. 91) and logarithms, where the logarithms may be multiply nested, e.g., lnlnx.

A set S with a single point P removed is called a punctured set, written S\{P}.

The study of the implications of chaos for a system in the semiclassical (i.e., between classical and quantum mechanical) regime. In quantum chaos, trajectories do not ...

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

A function whose range is in the real numbers is said to be a real function, also called a real-valued function.

A real matrix is a matrix whose elements consist entirely of real numbers. The set of m×n real matrices is sometimes denoted R^(m×n) (Zwillinger 1995, p. 116).

A vector whose elements are real numbers.

A fraction a/b written in lowest terms, i.e., by dividing numerator and denominator through by their greatest common divisor (a,b). For example, 2/3 is the reduced fraction ...