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Kepler's equation gives the relation between the polar coordinates of a celestial body (such as a planet) and the time elapsed from a given initial point. Kepler's equation ...

The Laplace transform is an integral transform perhaps second only to the Fourier transform in its utility in solving physical problems. The Laplace transform is particularly ...

The Lorenz attractor is an attractor that arises in a simplified system of equations describing the two-dimensional flow of fluid of uniform depth H, with an imposed ...

A universal cellular automaton is a cellular automaton which, like a Turing machine, exhibits universality. von Neumann proved that an automaton consisting of cells with four ...

The above topological structure, composed of a countable union of compact sets, is called Alexander's horned sphere. It is homeomorphic with the ball B^3, and its boundary is ...

The minimal polynomial of an algebraic number zeta is the unique irreducible monic polynomial of smallest degree p(x) with rational coefficients such that p(zeta)=0 and whose ...

The Carlson elliptic integrals, also known as the Carlson symmetric forms, are a standard set of canonical elliptic integrals which provide a convenient alternative to ...

While many computations admit shortcuts that allow them to be performed more rapidly, others cannot be sped up. Computations that cannot be sped up by means of any shortcut ...

The metric properties discovered for a primitive figure remain applicable, without modifications other than changes of signs, to all correlative figures which can be ...

C_4 is one of the two groups of group order 4. Like C_2×C_2, it is Abelian, but unlike C_2×C_2, it is a cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_4 (note that the same ...