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The triangle space T is the set of triples (a,b,c) of real numbers that are side lengths of a (Euclidean) triangle, i.e., T={(a,b,c):0<a<b+c,0<b<c+a,0<c<a+b} (Kimberling ...

The triangular inequalities are the inequalities |x-y|<=z<=x+y for real numbers (x,y,z) (Messiah 1962, p. 1056). If these inequalities hold for any one permutation of ...

Trigonometric functions of pi/p for p prime have an especially complicated Galois-minimal representation. In particular, the case cos(pi/23) requires approximately 500 MB of ...

A generalization of spun knots due to Zeeman. This method produces four-dimensional knot types that cannot be produced by ordinary spinning.

Variables x_i and x_j are said to be uncorrelated if their covariance is zero: cov(x_i,x_j)=0. Independent statistics are always uncorrelated, but the converse is not ...

A graph in which individual nodes have no distinct identifications except through their interconnectivity. Graphs in which labels (which are most commonly numbers) are ...

Let (K,|·|) be a non-Archimedean field. Its valuation ring R is defined to be R={x in K:|x|<=1}. The valuation ring has maximal ideal M={x in K:|x|<1}, and the field R/M is ...

A weighted graph is a graph in which each branch is given a numerical weight. A weighted graph is therefore a special type of labeled graph in which the labels are numbers ...

A theorem that classifies planar regular closed curves up to regular homotopy by their contour winding numbers (Whitney 1937). In his thesis, S. Smale generalized this result ...

Let phi(x_1,...,x_m) be an L_(exp) formula, where L_(exp)=L union {e^x} and L is the language of ordered rings L={+,-,·,<,0,1}. Then there exist n>=m and f_1,...,f_s in ...