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Determining the length of a country's coastline is not as simple as it first appears, as first considered by L. F. Richardson (1881-1953) and sometimes known as the ...

A coordinate chart is a way of expressing the points of a small neighborhood, usually on a manifold M, as coordinates in Euclidean space. An example from geography is the ...

A Julia set with constant c chosen at the boundary of the Mandelbrot set (Branner 1989; Dufner et al. 1998, p. 225). The image above was computed using c=i.

The "imaginary error function" erfi(z) is an entire function defined by erfi(z)=-ierf(iz), (1) where erf(z) is the erf function. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

A Julia set J consisting of a set of isolated points which is formed by taking a point outside an underlying set M (e.g., the Mandelbrot set). If the point is outside but ...

A two-dimensional piecewise linear map defined by x_(n+1) = 1-y_n+|x_n| (1) y_(n+1) = x_n. (2) The map is chaotic in the filled region above and stable in the six hexagonal ...

The Gosper island (Mandelbrot 1977), also known as a flowsnake (Gardner 1989, p. 41), is a fractal that is a modification of the Koch snowflake. The term "Gosper island" was ...

Informally, self-similar objects with parameters N and s are described by a power law such as N=s^d, where d=(lnN)/(lns) is the "dimension" of the scaling law, known as the ...

A homogeneous ideal I in a graded ring R= direct sum A_i is an ideal generated by a set of homogeneous elements, i.e., each one is contained in only one of the A_i. For ...

A root-finding algorithm based on the iteration formula x_(n+1)=x_n-(f(x_n))/(f^'(x_n)){1+(f(x_n)f^('')(x_n))/(2[f^'(x_n)]^2)}. This method, like Newton's method, has poor ...