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Quantifies deviation from translational invariance by describing the distribution of gaps within a set at multiple scales. The more lacunar a set, the more heterogeneous the ...

mu_i(epsilon), sometimes denoted P_i(epsilon), is the probability that element i is populated, normalized such that sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i(epsilon)=1.

A fractal process for which H>1/2, so r>0.

In algebraic topology, the Reidemeister torsion is a notion originally introduced as a topological invariant of 3-manifolds which has now been widely adapted to a variety of ...

To multiply the size of a d-D object by a factor a, c=a^d copies are required, and the quantity d=(lnc)/(lna) is called the similarity dimension.

A method for verifying the correctness of an arithmetical operation on natural numbers, based on the same principle as casting out nines. The methods of sevens takes ...

An element admitting a multiplicative or additive inverse. In most cases, the choice between these two options is clear from the context, as, for example, in a monoid, where ...

A Lucas chain for an integer n>=1 is an increasing sequence 1=a_0<a_1<a_2<...<a_r=n of integers such that every a_k, k>=1, can be written as a sum a_k=a_i+a_j of smaller ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be totally ordered sets. Let C=A×B be the Cartesian product and define order as follows. For any a_1,a_2 in A and b_1,b_2 in B, 1. If a_1<a_2, then ...

The parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of vectors A and B. The sum A+B of the vectors is obtained by placing them head to tail and drawing the vector from ...