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A square root of x is a number r such that r^2=x. When written in the form x^(1/2) or especially sqrt(x), the square root of x may also be called the radical or surd. The ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

The absolute difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is |n_1-n_2|, where the minus sign denotes subtraction and |x| denotes the absolute value.

The first of several addends, or "the one to which the others are added," is sometimes called the augend. Therefore, while a, b, and c are addends in a+b+c, a is the augend.

The difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is n_1-n_2, where the minus sign denotes subtraction.

A quantity from which another (the subtrahend) is subtracted.

A quantity which is subtracted from another (the minuend).

The cubic formula is the closed-form solution for a cubic equation, i.e., the roots of a cubic polynomial. A general cubic equation is of the form z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0 (1) ...

The complete elliptic integral of the first kind K(k), illustrated above as a function of the elliptic modulus k, is defined by K(k) = F(1/2pi,k) (1) = ...

The Dirac matrices are a class of 4×4 matrices which arise in quantum electrodynamics. There are a variety of different symbols used, and Dirac matrices are also known as ...