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Smale's problems are a list of 18 challenging problems for the twenty-first century proposed by Field medalist Steven Smale. These problems were inspired in part by Hilbert's ...

The word "surface" is an important term in mathematics and is used in many ways. The most common and straightforward use of the word is to denote a two-dimensional ...

A triangle center function (sometimes simply called a center function) is a nonzero function f(a,b,c) that is homogeneous f(ta,tb,tc)=t^nf(a,b,c) (1) bisymmetry in b and c, ...

A connection on a vector bundle pi:E->M is a way to "differentiate" bundle sections, in a way that is analogous to the exterior derivative df of a function f. In particular, ...

The Zernike polynomials are a set of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the expansion of a wavefront function for optical systems with circular pupils. The odd and even ...

The base 2 method of counting in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used. In this base, the number 1011 equals 1·2^0+1·2^1+0·2^2+1·2^3=11. This base is used in computers, ...

Bouwer graphs, a term coined here for the first time, are a family of regular graphs which includes members that are symmetric but not arc-transitive. Such graphs are termed ...

Catalan's constant is a constant that commonly appears in estimates of combinatorial functions and in certain classes of sums and definite integrals. It is usually denoted K ...

The Clebsch graph, also known as the Greenwood-Gleason graph (Read and Wilson, 1998, p. 284) and illustrated above in a number of embeddings, is a strongly regular quintic ...

In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...