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The term "parameter" is used in a number of ways in mathematics. In general, mathematical functions may have a number of arguments. Arguments that are typically varied when ...

The path covering number (or path-covering number; Slater 1972) of a graph G, variously denoted as summarized below, is the minimum number of vertex-disjoint paths that cover ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...

An impossible figure in which a stairway in the shape of a square appears to circulate indefinitely while still possessing normal steps (Penrose and Penrose 1958). The Dutch ...

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

A quartic symmetric graph is a symmetric graph that is also quartic (i.e., regular of degree 4). The numbers of symmetric quartic graphs on n=1, 2, ... are 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, ...

A quartic vertex-transitive graph is a quartic graph that is vertex transitive. Read and Wilson (1988, pp. 164-166) enumerate all connected quartic vertex-transitive graphs ...

Ede (1958) enumerates 13 basic series of stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron, the total number of which is extremely large. Pawley (1973) gave a set of restrictions ...

A simplex, sometimes called a hypertetrahedron (Buekenhout and Parker 1998), is the generalization of a tetrahedral region of space to n dimensions. The boundary of a ...

There are two types of singular values, one in the context of elliptic integrals, and the other in linear algebra. For a square matrix A, the square roots of the eigenvalues ...