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The notation Q^_ denotes the algebraic closure of the rational numbers Q. This is equivalent to the set of algebraic numbers, sometimes denoted A.

A real matrix is a matrix whose elements consist entirely of real numbers. The set of m×n real matrices is sometimes denoted R^(m×n) (Zwillinger 1995, p. 116).

A set of methods that are generally superior to ANOVA for small data sets or where sample distributions are non-normal.

A function composed of a set of equally spaced jumps of equal length, such as the ceiling function f(x)=[x], floor function f(x)=|_x_|, or nearest integer function f(x)=[x].

Let P(L) be the set of all prime ideals of L, and define r(a)={P|a not in P}. Then the Stone space of L is the topological space defined on P(L) by postulating that the sets ...

A condition used in the definition of a mathematical object, commonly denoted : or |. For example, the rationals Q can be defined by Q={p/q:q!=0,p,q in Z}, read as "the set ...

A syllogism, also known as a rule of inference, is a formal logical scheme used to draw a conclusion from a set of premises. An example of a syllogism is modus ponens.

A topological space fulfilling the T0-separation axiom: For any two points x,y in X, there is an open set U such that x in U and y not in U or y in U and x not in U. ...

A function f is said to have a upper bound C if f(x)<=C for all x in its domain. The least upper bound is called the supremum. A set is said to be bounded from above if it ...

Let (K,|·|) be a valuated field. The valuation group G is defined to be the set G={|x|:x in K,x!=0}, with the group operation being multiplication. It is a subgroup of the ...