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A one-sided (singly infinite) Z-Transform, Z[{a_n}_(n=0)^infty](z)=sum_(n=0)^infty(a_n)/(z^n). This is the most common variety of Z-transform since it is essentially ...

The integral of 1/r over the unit disk U is given by intint_(U)(dA)/r = intint_(U)(dxdy)/(sqrt(x^2+y^2)) (1) = int_0^(2pi)int_0^1(rdrdtheta)/r (2) = 2piint_0^1dr (3) = 2pi. ...

An operator U satisfying U^|U = 1 (1) UU^| = 1, (2) where U^| is the adjoint.

A function or transformation f in which f(z) does not overlap z. In modular function theory, a function is called univalent on a subgroup G if it is automorphic under G and ...

An unknown is an independent variable of a function. A function with n independent variables is said to be a function "in," "with," or "of" n unknowns.

A fixed point for which the stability matrix has equal positive eigenvalues.

A fixed point for which the stability matrix has both eigenvalues positive, so lambda_1>lambda_2>0.

A fixed point for which the stability matrix has eigenvalues of the form lambda_+/-=alpha+/-ibeta (with alpha,beta>0).

A fixed point for which the stability matrix has one zero eigenvector with positive eigenvalue lambda>0.

The limit of an upper sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.