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A wide variety of large numbers crop up in mathematics. Some are contrived, but some actually arise in proofs. Often, it is possible to prove existence theorems by deriving ...

Let n be an integer such that n>=lambda_1, where lambda=(lambda_1,lambda_2,...) is a partition of n=|lambda| if lambda_1>=lambda_2>=...>=0, where lambda_i are a sequence of ...

Given a set S of n nonnegative integers, the number partitioning problem requires the division of S into two subsets such that the sums of number in each subset are as close ...

Let K be a number field and let O be an order in K. Then the set of equivalence classes of invertible fractional ideals of O forms a multiplicative Abelian group called the ...

The reciprocal of a real or complex number z!=0 is its multiplicative inverse 1/z=z^(-1), i.e., z to the power -1. The reciprocal of zero is undefined. A plot of the ...

A Cullen number is a number of the form C_n=2^nn+1. The first few are 3, 9, 25, 65, 161, 385, ... (OEIS A002064). Cullen numbers are divisible by p=2n-1 if p is a prime of ...

Topological lower bounds in terms of Betti numbers for the number of critical points form a smooth function on a smooth manifold.

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...

The unique even prime number 2. All other primes are odd primes. Humorously, that means 2 is the "oddest" prime of all. The sequence 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 26, 34, 38, ... ...

A Boolean algebra is a mathematical structure that is similar to a Boolean ring, but that is defined using the meet and join operators instead of the usual addition and ...