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The mathematical study of combinatorial objects in which a certain degree of order must occur as the scale of the object becomes large. Ramsey theory is named after Frank ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), NaN (or "not a number") is a symbolic floating-point representation which is neither a signed infinity nor ...

A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...

Let A and B be two classes of positive integers. Let A(n) be the number of integers in A which are less than or equal to n, and let B(n) be the number of integers in B which ...

A multiplicative number theoretic function is a number theoretic function f that has the property f(mn)=f(m)f(n) (1) for all pairs of relatively prime positive integers m and ...

The Narayan number N(n,k) for n=1, 2, ... and k=1, ..., n gives a solution to several counting problems in combinatorics. For example, N(n,k) gives the number of expressions ...

Let K be a number field of extension degree d over Q. Then an order O of K is a subring of the ring of integers of K with d generators over Z, including 1. The ring of ...

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

A product space product_(i in I)X_i is compact iff X_i is compact for all i in I. In other words, the topological product of any number of compact spaces is compact. In ...

A prime constellation, also called a prime k-tuple, prime k-tuplet, or prime cluster, is a sequence of k consecutive numbers such that the difference between the first and ...