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A set of two numbers or objects linked in some way is said to be a pair. The pair a and b is usually denoted (a, b), and is generally considered to be ordered, making it a ...

A test for the primality of Fermat numbers F_n=2^(2^n)+1, with n>=2 and k>=2. Then the two following conditions are equivalent: 1. F_n is prime and (k/F_n)=-1, where (n/k) is ...

A planar connected graph is a graph which is both planar and connected. The numbers of planar connected graphs with n=1, 2, ... nodes are 1, 1, 2, 6, 20, 99, 646, 5974, ...

A Pólya plot is a plot of the vector field of (R[f(z)],-I[f(z)]) of a complex function f(z). Several examples are shown above. Pólya plots can be created in the Wolfram ...

A prime-distance graph is a distance graph with distance set given by the set of prime numbers.

A random variate is a variable generated from uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers. Depending on how they are generated, a random variate can be uniformly or ...

A real normed algebra, also called a composition algebra, is a multiplication * on R^n that respects the length of vectors, i.e., |x*y|=|x|*|y| for x,y in R^n. The only real ...

For algebraic alpha |alpha-p/q|<1/(q^(2+epsilon)), with epsilon>0, has finitely many solutions. Klaus Roth received a Fields medal for this result.

The first Strehl identity is the binomial sum identity sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^3=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^2(2k; n), (Strehl 1993, 1994; Koepf 1998, p. 55), which are the so-called Franel ...

Given a Lucas sequence with parameters P and Q, discriminant D!=0, and roots a and b, the Sylvester cyclotomic numbers are Q_n=product_(r)(a-zeta^rb), (1) where ...