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The connected sum M_1#M_2 of n-manifolds M_1 and M_2 is formed by deleting the interiors of n-balls B_i^n in M_i^n and attaching the resulting punctured manifolds M_i-B^._i ...

A function, or the symbol representing a function, which corresponds to English conjunctions such as "and," "or," "not," etc. that takes one or more truth values as input and ...

The operation of drilling a tubular neighborhood of a knot K in S^3 and then gluing in a solid torus so that its meridian curve goes to a (p,q)-curve on the torus boundary of ...

A search algorithm of a tree that explores the first child of a node before visiting its siblings. Tarjan (1972) and Hopcroft and Tarjan (1973) showed that depth-first search ...

Each of the sets forming a direct product is said to be a direct factor. A group G is said to be a direct factor of the group G^' if G^' is isomorphic to the group direct ...

The disjoint union of two sets A and B is a binary operator that combines all distinct elements of a pair of given sets, while retaining the original set membership as a ...

An edge-induced subgraph is a subset of the edges of a graph G together with any vertices that are their endpoints. The subgraph induced by a set of edges can be computed in ...

In a graph G, contraction of an edge e with endpoints u,v is the replacement of u and v with a single vertex such that edges incident to the new vertex are the edges other ...

A group action G×X->X is effective if there are no trivial actions. In particular, this means that there is no element of the group (besides the identity element) which does ...

A curve on the unit sphere S^2 is an eversion if it has no corners or cusps (but it may be self-intersecting). These properties are guaranteed by requiring that the curve's ...