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The determinant of a binary quadratic form Au^2+2Buv+Cv^2 is defined as D=AC-B^2. It is equal to 1/4 of the corresponding binary quadratic form discriminant. Unfortunately, ...

The average of the values of the class limits for a given class. A class mark is also called a midvalue or central value (Kenney and Keeping 1962, p. 14), and is commonly ...

A topological space is compact if every open cover of X has a finite subcover. In other words, if X is the union of a family of open sets, there is a finite subfamily whose ...

A subset of a topological space which is compact with respect to the relative topology.

The comparability graph of a partially ordered set P=(X,<=) is the graph with vertex set X for which vertices x and y are adjacent iff either x<=y or y<=x in P.

A complete metric space is a metric space in which every Cauchy sequence is convergent. Examples include the real numbers with the usual metric, the complex numbers, ...

A diagonal of a square matrix which is traversed in the "southeast" direction. "The" diagonal (or "main diagonal," or "principal diagonal," or "leading diagonal") of an n×n ...

A quantity defined for a conic section which can be given in terms of semimajor a and semiminor axes b. interval curve e e=0 circle 0 0<e<1 ellipse sqrt(1-(b^2)/(a^2)) e=1 ...

The first quadratic nonresidue mod p of a number is always less than 3(lnp)^2/2 (Wedeniwski 2001).

For any real alpha and beta such that beta>alpha, let p(alpha)!=0 and p(beta)!=0 be real polynomials of degree n, and v(x) denote the number of sign changes in the sequence ...