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A real function is said to be analytic if it possesses derivatives of all orders and agrees with its Taylor series in a neighborhood of every point.

The real axis is the line in the complex plane corresponding to zero imaginary part, I[z]=0. Every real number corresponds to a unique point on the real axis.

A function whose range is in the real numbers is said to be a real function, also called a real-valued function.

A real matrix is a matrix whose elements consist entirely of real numbers. The set of m×n real matrices is sometimes denoted R^(m×n) (Zwillinger 1995, p. 116).

A polynomial having only real numbers as coefficients. A polynomial with real coefficients is a product of irreducible polynomials of first and second degrees.

A variable that may assume only real values.

A vector whose elements are real numbers.

The reciprocal differences are closely related to the divided difference. The first few are explicitly given by rho(x_0,x_1)=(x_0-x_1)/(f_0-f_1) (1) ...

Given a polynomial in a single complex variable with complex coefficients p(z)=a_nz^n+a_(n-1)z^(n-1)+...+a_0, the reciprocal polynomial is defined by ...

Given a rectangle BCDE, draw EF=DE on an extension of BE. Bisect BF and call the midpoint G. Now draw a semicircle centered at G, and construct the extension of ED which ...