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A Pascal's triangle written in a square grid and padded with zeros, as written by Jakob Bernoulli (Smith 1984). The figurate number triangle therefore has entries a_(ij)=(i; ...

A graph with a finite number of nodes and edges. If it has n nodes and has no multiple edges or graph loops (i.e., it is simple), it is a subgraph of the complete graph K_n. ...

The finite group T is one of the three non-Abelian groups of order 12 (out of a total of fives groups of order 12), the other two being the alternating group A_4 and the ...

Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A set function mu:S->[0,infty] is said to possess finite monotonicity provided that, whenever a set E in S is covered by a ...

A set function mu is said to possess finite subadditivity if, given any finite disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

The first group isomorphism theorem, also known as the fundamental homomorphism theorem, states that if phi:G->H is a group homomorphism, then Ker(phi)⊴G and ...

The Fischer groups are the three sporadic groups Fi_(22), Fi_(23), and Fi_(24)^'. These groups were discovered during the investigation of 3-transposition groups. The Fischer ...

A folding function is a function that maps the integers Z={...,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...} onto the nonnegative integers Z^*={0,1,2,3,...}. This type of function arises naturally ...

A graph is a forbidden (vertex-)induced subgraph if its presence as a vertex-induced subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, ...

A graph is a forbidden subgraph if its presence as a subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, a bipartite graph is a graph ...