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Universality is the property of being able to perform different tasks with the same underlying construction just by being programmed in a different way. Universal systems are ...

Code 177 is a totalistic cellular automaton that yields patterns with seemingly random features. The rules and 300 steps of this automaton are illustrated above.

Code 2040 is a totalistic cellular automaton that yields patterns with seemingly random features. The rules and 300 steps of this automaton are illustrated above.

Code 912 is a totalistic cellular automaton that yields patterns with seemingly random features. The rules and 300 steps of this automaton are illustrated above.

The look and say sequence generated from a starting digit of 3, as given by Vardi (1991).

The science of breaking codes, which is one part of cryptology.

A lag system, introduced by Wang (1963), is a sort of opposite to a tag system. Lag systems allow dependence on more than just the first element, but remove only the first ...

1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

In computer science, a pop is an action which removes the initial element from the top of a queue or stack, turning the list (a_1, a_2, ..., a_n) into (a_2, ..., a_n) and ...

The study of the waiting times, lengths, and other properties of queues.