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A statistical distribution published by William Gosset in 1908. His employer, Guinness Breweries, required him to publish under a pseudonym, so he chose "Student." Given N ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

A symmetric graph is a graph that is both edge- and vertex-transitive (Holton and Sheehan 1993, p. 209). However, care must be taken with this definition since arc-transitive ...

The symmetric group S_n of degree n is the group of all permutations on n symbols. S_n is therefore a permutation group of order n! and contains as subgroups every group of ...

The Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, since its proof now sometimes known as the modularity theorem, is very general and important conjecture (and now theorem) connecting topology ...

The truncated icosahedral graph is the cubic Archimedean graph on 60 nodes and 90 edges that is the skeleton of the truncated icosahedron. It is sometimes known as the ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

A regular graph that is not strongly regular is known as a weakly regular graph. There are no weakly regular simple graphs on fewer than six nodes, and the numbers on n=6, 7, ...

A connective in logic which yields true if all conditions are true, and false if any condition is false. A AND B is denoted A ^ B (Mendelson 1997, p. 12), A&B, A intersection ...

An addition-multiplication square is a square of integers that is simultaneously a magic square and multiplication magic square. In 1955, Horner found a square of order eight ...