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Let X_1, ..., X_N be a sequence of independent observations of a random variable X, and let the number of observations N itself be chosen at random. Then Wald's equation ...

Two polygons are congruent by dissection iff they have the same area. In particular, any polygon is congruent by dissection to a square of the same area. Laczkovich (1988) ...

A curve named after James Watt (1736-1819), the Scottish engineer who developed the steam engine (MacTutor Archive). The curve is produced by a linkage of rods connecting two ...

(Bailey 1935, p. 25), where _7F_6(a_1,...,a_7;b_1,...,b_6) and _4F_3(a_1,...,a_4;b_1,b_2,b_3) are generalized hypergeometric functions with argument z=1 and Gamma(z) is the ...

The surface area of a spherical segment. Call the radius of the sphere R, the upper and lower radii b and a, respectively, and the height of the spherical segment h. The zone ...

The de Longchamps ellipse of a triangle DeltaABC is the conic circumscribed on the incentral triangle and the Cevian triangle of the isogonal mittenpunkt X_(57). (Since a ...

de Rham cohomology is a formal set-up for the analytic problem: If you have a differential k-form omega on a manifold M, is it the exterior derivative of another differential ...

A k-subset is a subset of a set on n elements containing exactly k elements. The number of k-subsets on n elements is therefore given by the binomial coefficient (n; k). For ...

Synthetic division is a shortcut method for dividing two polynomials which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method reduces the dividend and ...

Archimedes' axiom, also known as the continuity axiom or Archimedes' lemma, survives in the writings of Eudoxus (Boyer and Merzbach 1991), but the term was first coined by ...