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If sets E and F are independent, then so are E and F^', where F^' is the complement of F (i.e., the set of all possible outcomes not contained in F). Let union denote "or" ...

The finite Fourier cosine transform of an apodization function, also known as an apparatus function. The instrument function I(k) corresponding to a given apodization ...

A square matrix A such that A^2=I, where I is the identity matrix. An involutory matrix is its own matrix inverse.

The substitution of re^(itheta) for z in a polynomial p(z). p(z) is then plotted as a function of theta for a given r in the complex plane. By varying r so that the curve ...

A point of discontinuity, also called a leap.

The manipulation of Dehn surgery descriptions by a certain set of operations.

A group of linear fractional transformations which transform the arguments of Kummer solutions to the hypergeometric differential equation into each other. Define A(z) = 1-z ...

Let H be a subgroup of G. A subset T of elements of G is called a left transversal of H if T contains exactly one element of each left coset of H.

A line bundle is a special case of a vector bundle in which the fiber is either R, in the case of a real line bundle, or C, in the case of a complex line bundle.

A graph for which every node has finite degree.