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The circle method is a method employed by Hardy, Ramanujan, and Littlewood to solve many asymptotic problems in additive number theory, particularly in deriving an asymptotic ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

A quadrilateral which has an incircle, i.e., one for which a single circle can be constructed which is tangent to all four sides. Opposite sides of such a quadrilateral ...

A Fermat pseudoprime to a base a, written psp(a), is a composite number n such that a^(n-1)=1 (mod n), i.e., it satisfies Fermat's little theorem. Sometimes the requirement ...

A bundle map is a map between bundles along with a compatible map between the base manifolds. Suppose p:X->M and q:Y->N are two bundles, then F:X->Y is a bundle map if there ...

The Cesàro fractal is a fractal also known as the torn square fractal. The base curves and motifs for the two fractals illustrated above are shown below. Starting with a unit ...

A set of numbers a_0, a_1, ..., a_(m-1) (mod m) form a complete set of residues, also called a covering system, if they satisfy a_i=i (mod m) for i=0, 1, ..., m-1. For ...

A notation for polyhedra which begins by specifying a "seed" polyhedron using a capital letter. The Platonic solids are denoted T (tetrahedron), O (octahedron), C (cube), I ...

An emirp ("prime" spelled backwards) is a prime whose (base 10) reversal is also prime, but which is not a palindromic prime. The first few are 13, 17, 31, 37, 71, 73, 79, ...

A fractal derived from the Koch snowflake. The base curve and motif for the fractal are illustrated below. The area enclosed by pieces of the curve after the nth iteration is ...