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The Laplacian for a scalar function phi is a scalar differential operator defined by (1) where the h_i are the scale factors of the coordinate system (Weinberg 1972, p. 109; ...

A maze, also known as a labyrinth, as is a set of passages (with impermeable walls). The goal of the maze is to start at one given point and find a path through the passages ...

A power series in a variable z is an infinite sum of the form sum_(i=0)^inftya_iz^i, where a_i are integers, real numbers, complex numbers, or any other quantities of a given ...

A notion introduced by R. M. Wilson in 1974. Given a finite graph G with n vertices, puz(G) is defined as the graph whose nodes are the labelings of G leaving one node ...

The quadratic embedding constant QEC(G) of a finite simple connected graph G on n vertices is defined as the maximum of the product vDv over all real n-vectors v satisfying ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

Any square matrix T has a canonical form without any need to extend the field of its coefficients. For instance, if the entries of T are rational numbers, then so are the ...

A list of five properties of a topological space X expressing how rich the "population" of open sets is. More precisely, each of them tells us how tightly a closed subset can ...

Any four mutually tangent spheres determine six points of tangency. A pair of tangencies (t_i,t_j) is said to be opposite if the two spheres determining t_i are distinct from ...

The 14-faced Archimedean solid with faces 8{3}+6{8}. It is also the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 9 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 8 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 21 ...