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In floating-point arithmetic, the significand is a component of a finite floating-point number containing its significant digits. Generally speaking, the significand can be ...

Strang's strange figures are the figures produced by plotting a periodic function f(z) as a function of an integer argument n for n=1, 2, .... Unexpected patterns and ...

A pseudoprime which obeys an additional restriction beyond that required for a Frobenius pseudoprime. A number n with (n,2a)=1 is a strong Frobenius pseudoprime with respect ...

A modified Miller's primality test which gives a guarantee of primality or compositeness. The algorithm's running time for a number n has been proved to be as ...

A classic arithmetical problem probably first posed by Euclid and investigated by various authors in the Middle Ages. The problem is formulated as a dialogue between the two ...

Given an expression involving known constants, integration in finite terms, computation of limits, etc., the constant problem is the determination of if the expression is ...

For a graph G and a subset S of the vertex set V(G), denote by N_G[S] the set of vertices in G which are in S or adjacent to a vertex in S. If N_G[S]=V(G), then S is said to ...

A rational number expressed in the form a/b (in-line notation) or a/b (traditional "display" notation), where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator. When ...

The Farey sequence F_n for any positive integer n is the set of irreducible rational numbers a/b with 0<=a<=b<=n and (a,b)=1 arranged in increasing order. The first few are ...

Let alpha(G) denote the independence number of a graph G. Then the Shannon capacity Theta(G), sometimes also denoted c(G), of G is defined as ...