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Let p={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} be a permutation. Then i is a permutation ascent if a_i<a_(i+1). For example, the permutation {1,2,3,4} is composed of three ascents, namely {1,2}, ...

The index of a permutation p is defined as the sum of all subscripts j such that p_j>p_(j+1), for 1<=j<=n. MacMahon (1960) proved that the number of permutations of size n ...

Let K be a number field and let O be an order in K. Then the set of equivalence classes of invertible fractional ideals of O forms a multiplicative Abelian group called the ...

Pogson's ratio is the constant 100^(1/5)=10^(2/5)=2.511886431... (OEIS A189824) appearing in the definition of the astronomical magnitude (brightness) scale. This scale is ...

The statistics h_(r,s,...) defined such that <h_(r,s,...)>=mu_rmu_s..., where mu_r is a central moment. These statistics generalize h-statistics and were originally called ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...

A map defined by one or more polynomials. Given a field K, a polynomial map is a map f:K^n->K^m such that for all points (x_1,...,x_n) in K^n, ...

The set of numbers generated by excluding the sums of two or more consecutive earlier members is called the prime numbers of measurement, or sometimes the segmented numbers. ...

The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...