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Find the tunnel between two points A and B on a gravitating sphere which gives the shortest transit time under the force of gravity. Assume the sphere to be nonrotating, of ...

The following three pieces of information completely determine the homeomorphic type of a surface (Massey 1996): 1. Orientability, 2. Number of boundary components, 3. Euler ...

An identity in calculus of variations discovered in 1868 by Beltrami. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is (partialf)/(partialy)-d/(dx)((partialf)/(partialy_x))=0. (1) ...

A branch of mathematics that is a sort of generalization of calculus. Calculus of variations seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc., for which a given function has a ...

Ein(z) = int_0^z((1-e^(-t))dt)/t (1) = E_1(z)+lnz+gamma, (2) where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and E_1 is the En-function with n=1.

An Eulerian cycle, also called an Eulerian circuit, Euler circuit, Eulerian tour, or Euler tour, is a trail which starts and ends at the same graph vertex. In other words, it ...

A modification of the Eberhart's conjecture proposed by Wagstaff (1983) which proposes that if q_n is the nth prime such that M_(q_n) is a Mersenne prime, then ...

A 3-cusped hypocycloid, also called a tricuspoid. The deltoid was first considered by Euler in 1745 in connection with an optical problem. It was also investigated by Steiner ...

In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...