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If f(x) is a nonconstant integer polynomial and c is an integer such that f(c) is divisible by the prime p, that p is called a prime divisor of the polynomial f(x) (Nagell ...

Let C^omega(I) be the set of real analytic functions on I. Then C^omega(I) is a subalgebra of C^infty(I). A necessary and sufficient condition for a function f in C^infty(I) ...

Scalar multiplication refers to the multiplication of a vector by a constant s, producing a vector in the same (for s>0) or opposite (for s<0) direction but of different ...

Interest which is paid only on the principal and not on the additional amount generated by previous interest payments. A formula for computing simple interest is ...

A curve of constant width constructed by drawing arcs from each polygon vertex of an equilateral triangle between the other two vertices. The Reuleaux triangle has the ...

For F_n the nth Fibonacci number, F_(n-1)F_(n+1)-F_n^2=(-1)^n. This identity was also discovered by Simson (Coxeter and Greitzer 1967, p. 41; Coxeter 1969, pp. 165-168; Wells ...

Find consecutive powers, i.e., solutions to x^p-y^q=+/-1, excluding 0 and 1. Catalan's conjecture states that the only solution is 3^2-2^3=1, so 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the ...

There are two identities known as Catalan's identity. The first is F_n^2-F_(n+r)F_(n-r)=(-1)^(n-r)F_r^2, where F_n is a Fibonacci number. Letting r=1 gives Cassini's ...

An object created by folding a piece of paper along certain lines to form loops. The number of states possible in an n-flexagon is a Catalan number. By manipulating the ...

A formula for the generalized Catalan number _pd_(qi). The general formula is (n-q; k-1)=sum_(i=1)^k_pd_(qi)(n-pi; k-i), where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, although ...