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For what value of x is f(x)=x^(1/x) a maximum? The maximum occurs at x=e, where f^'(x)=x^(-2+1/x)(1-lnx)=0, (1) which is zero at x=e and gives a maximum of ...

A pseudoprime which obeys an additional restriction beyond that required for a Frobenius pseudoprime. A number n with (n,2a)=1 is a strong Frobenius pseudoprime with respect ...

A strongly connected component of a simple directed graph (i.e., a digraph without loops) is a maximal subdigraph such that for every pair of distinct vertices u, v in the ...

The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

Let V be a real vector space (e.g., the real continuous functions C(I) on a closed interval I, two-dimensional Euclidean space R^2, the twice differentiable real functions ...

A map which uses a set of rules to transform elements of a sequence into a new sequence using a set of rules which "translate" from the original sequence to its ...

The successive square method is an algorithm to compute a^b in a finite field GF(p). The first step is to decompose b in successive powers of two, b=sum_(i)delta_i2^i, (1) ...

A recursive function devised by I. Takeuchi in 1978 (Knuth 1998). For integers x, y, and z, it is defined by (1) This can be described more simply by t(x,y,z)={y if x<=y; {z ...

An extended form of Bürmann's theorem. Let f(z) be a function of z analytic in a ring-shaped region A, bounded by another curve C and an inner curve c. Let theta(z) be a ...

A number of attractive tetrahedron 6-compounds can be constructed. The first compound (left figures) is obtained by combining three stella octangula. A second can be obtained ...