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The contraction of a tensor is obtained by setting unlike indices equal and summing according to the Einstein summation convention. Contraction reduces the tensor rank by 2. ...

The total domination number gamma_t of a graph is the size of a smallest total dominating set, where a total dominating set is a set of vertices of the graph such that all ...

The total power of a triangle is defined by P=1/2(a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2), (1) where a_i are the side lengths, and the "partial power" is defined by p_1=1/2(a_2^2+a_3^2-a_1^2). ...

A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought ...

Tarski's theorem says that the first-order theory of reals with +, *, =, and > allows quantifier elimination. Algorithmic quantifier elimination implies decidability assuming ...

The Thomson problem is to determine the stable equilibrium positions of n classical electrons constrained to move on the surface of a sphere and repelling each other by an ...

A nonlinear deconvolution technique used in deconvolving images from the Hubble Space Telescope before corrective optics were installed.

A public-key cryptography algorithm which uses prime factorization as the trapdoor one-way function. Define n=pq (1) for p and q primes. Also define a private key d and a ...

A black bishop graph is a graph formed from possible moves of a bishop chess piece, which may make diagonal moves of any length on a chessboard (or any other board), when ...

A quadrilateral whose consecutive sides have the lengths a_1b_3, a_3b_2, a_2b_3, a_3b_1, where a_1^2+a_2^2=a_3^2 (1) and b_1^2+b_2^2=b_3^2. (2) Brahmagupta's trapezium is a ...