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The chromatic number of a graph is at most the maximum vertex degree Delta, unless the graph is complete or an odd cycle, in which case Delta+1 colors are required.

Consider a finite collection of points p=(p_1,...,p_n), p_i in R^d Euclidean space (known as a configuration) and a graph G whose graph vertices correspond to pairs of points ...

A graph is a forbidden subgraph if its presence as a subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, a bipartite graph is a graph ...

A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

The vertex set of a graph is simply a set of all vertices of the graph. The cardinality of the vertex set for a given graph g is known as the vertex count of g. The vertex ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

A nonreflexible regular map of genus 7 with eight graph vertices, 28 graph edges, and eight heptagonal faces.

A graph or directed graph together with a function which assigns a positive real number to each edge (Harary 1994, p. 52).

The Randić energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Randić matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Randić matrix.

The Sombor energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Sombor matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Sombor matrix.